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Fracture Repair


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Fracture Repair

A bone fracture is a condition in which bone becomes cracked, splintered, or bisected

CAUSES

  • Direct trauma
  • Indirect trauma
  • Repeated stress
  • Pathological

DIAGNOSIS

1. Physical examination
  • Hear a snap or cracking sound.
  • The area around the fracture will be tender and swollen.
  • A limb may be deformed, or a part of the bone may
  • Puncture through the skin.

2. X-ray

CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURE

1. Communication with environment
 
  • OPEN FRACTURE: Open (compound) fracture involves a broken bone that penetrates the skin
  • CLOSED FRACTURE: Closed (simple) fractures are those in which the skin is intact or there in no opening of skin

2. Extent of damage
 
  • GREENSTIC FRACTURE: is an incomplete fracture in which only one side of the bone has been broken
  • COMMINUTED FRACTURE: A comminuted fracture has more than two fragments of bone which have broken off.
  • FISSURE OR HAIRLINE FRACTURE: In this type the fracture the crack only extends into the outer layer of the bone
  • BUTTERFLY FRACTURE: This type of fracture has slight comminution at the fracture site which looks largely like a butterfly. The fracture site has butterfly fragments

3. Direction of fracture

  • TRANSVERSE
  • OBLIQUE
  • SPIRAL
  • SEGMENTAL
  • COMPRESSION
  • AVULSION

4. Location of fracture

  • EPIPHYSEAL
  • METAPHYSEAL
  • DIPHYSEAL
  • CONDYLAR
  • TROCHANTRIC

TREATMENT FOR FRACTURE

  • Cast immobilization
  • Functional cast or brace
  • Traction
  • Open reduction and internal fixation
  • External fixation
  • Bone grafting
 
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