A bone fracture is a condition in which bone becomes cracked, splintered, or bisected

CAUSES

• Direct trauma
• Indirect trauma
• Repeated stress
• Pathological

DIAGNOSIS

1. Physical examination

• Hear a snap or cracking sound.
• The area around the fracture will be tender and swollen.
• A limb may be deformed, or a part of the bone may
• Puncture through the skin.

2. X-ray

CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURE

1. Communication with environment
 

• OPEN FRACTURE: Open (compound) fracture involves a broken bone that penetrates the skin
• CLOSED FRACTURE: Closed (simple) fractures are those in which the skin is intact or there in no opening of skin
  
  

2. Extent of damage
 

• GREENSTIC FRACTURE: is an incomplete fracture in which only one side of the bone has been broken
• COMMINUTED FRACTURE: A comminuted fracture has more than two fragments of bone which have broken off.
• FISSURE OR HAIRLINE FRACTURE: In this type the fracture the crack only extends into the outer layer of the bone
• BUTTERFLY FRACTURE: This type of fracture has slight comminution at the fracture site which looks largely like a butterfly. The fracture site has butterfly fragments

3. Direction of fracture

• TRANSVERSE
• OBLIQUE
• SPIRAL
• SEGMENTAL
• COMPRESSION
• AVULSION

4. Location of fracture

• EPIPHYSEAL
• METAPHYSEAL
• DIPHYSEAL
• CONDYLAR
• TROCHANTRIC

TREATMENT FOR FRACTURE

• Cast immobilization
• Functional cast or brace
• Traction
• Open reduction and internal fixation
• External fixation
• Bone grafting